• A estrutura MANY/FEW/A FEW + OF + OBJECT PRONOUN:
Exemplos:
The money was given to many/few/a few of us.
A estrutura MANY/FEW/A FEW + OF + THE + SUBSTANTIVO.
PLURAL:
Exemplos:
That old man told a nice tale to many/few/a few of the kids.
• MORE (mais) é a forma comparativa de MANY:
Exemplo:
She read more books than we did.
• FEWER (menos) é a forma comparativa de FEW:
Exemplo:
She wrote fewer compositions than we did.
MUCH, LITTLE, A LITTLE
A estrutura MUCH/LITTLE/A LITTLE + OF + THE + SUBST.
INCONTÁVEL:
Exemplo:
The little kid ate much/little/a little of the bread we offered him.
A estrutura MUCH/A LITTLE + FORMA COMPARATIVA:
Exemplo:
This table is much/a little heavier than that one.
That book is much/a little more interesting than this magazine.
MORE (mais) também é a forma comparativa de MUCH:
Exemplo:
Shirley always had more time to study than her schoolmates.
LESS (menos) é a forma comparativa de LITTLE:
Exemplo:
Shirley always had less time to study than her schoolmates.
Substantivos incontáveis se referindo a coisas individuais ou no plural nas seguintes estruturas:
Exemplos:
information → a/one piece of information → two pieces of information
wheat → a/one grain of wheat → three grains of wheat
milk → a/one glass of milk → four glasses of milk
sunlight → a/one patch of sunlight → ve patches of sunlight
Usados antes de substantivos contáveis:
SEVERAL, A COUPLE OF, NONE OF, A GREAT NUMBER OF, A LARGE NUMBER OF
Exemplo:
several trees, a couple of trees, none of the trees
Usados antes de substantivos incontáveis:
A BIT OF, A GOOD DEAL OF, A GREAT DEAL OF, A LARGE AMOUNT OF
Exemplo:
a bit of dancing, a good deal of dancing, a great deal of dancing
Usados antes de substantivos contáveis e incontáveis
ALL OF, SOME, MOST OF, ENOUGH, A LOT OF, LOTS OF, PLENTY OF
Exemplo:
he has a lot of food to eat.
he has a lot of friends in Belo Horizonte.
ESTRUTURAS ENFÁTICAS
• SO/TOO/VERY + MANY/FEW/MUCH/LITTLE + SUBSTANTIVO
Exemplos:
Too much noise means very little concentration in the classroom.
We know very few people with so many resources.
• SO/TOO/VERY + MANY/FEW/MUCH/LITTLE + OF + OBJECT PRONOUN
Exemplos:
The students heard the good news but so many of them did not like it.
They were offered a lot of food but they ate very little of it.
• Alguns substantivos incontáveis
INDEFINITES
SOME – ALGUM
Usados em orações afirmativas.
Exemplos:
I bought some books.
She asked me some advice.
Observação: Note que é utilizado tanto para substantivos contáveis quanto para incontáveis.
Quando acompanhado por números, adquire o sentido de cerca de.
Exemplo:
I met some ten friends at the party.
Também pode aparecer em orações interrogativas quando houver um oferecimento.
Exemplos:
Would you like some juice?
Can I give you some help?
ANY – QUALQUER / ALGUM / NENHUM
Em afirmativas, é traduzido como qualquer.
Exemplos:
Any topic you study matters.
Ana is very talkative. She chats to any person who sits next to her.
Em interrogativas em geral, traduz-se como algum.
Exemplos:
Did you learn any topic so far?
Are you going to travel to any place next holiday?
Em negativas, usa-se any para evitar a dupla negativa, traduzido como nenhum.
Exemplos:
Lucas does not approve any attitude his girlfriend takes.
Leila is crabby. She doesn’t like any person in her classroom.
Usa-se any em IF-clauses.
Exemplos:
Tell me if you need any information.
If you have any doubt, let me know.
NO – NENHUM
Usados em orações com estrutura afirmativa.
Exemplos:
Bruno spent a lot this month! He has no money to lend you.
No judgment is free from mistakes.
Como evitar a dupla negativa:
“We don’t need no education.” – Pink Floyd
We need no education.
We don’t need any education.
“I can’t get no satisfaction.” – The Rolling Stones
I can get no satisfaction.
I can’t get any satisfaction.
NONE – NENHUM(A)
Funciona como pronome. Nunca estará imediatamente do lado do termo a que ele se refere, já que a função do pronome é substituir.
Exemplos:
None of my students gets distracted by social networks. (Refere-se a students)
I bought some clothes to my mother but she liked none. (Refere-se a some clothes)
Formas derivadas de Some, Any e No
