INFINITIVO
Forma: to spend ou spend, to answer ou answer.
Negativa: not to spend / not to answer.
O infinitivo é, normalmente, identificado pelo uso do “to” antes do verbo.
USO DO INFINITIVO COM O “TO”
• Após os verbos afford, agree, appear, arrange, care, decide, expect, fail, forget, happen, hope, learn, like, love, manage, need, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, remember, seem, swear, turn out, want.
Exemplos:
She decided to go to Mexico City.
Did Alex refuse to pay the bill?
• Após os verbos discover, explain, nd out, know, understand e wonder, quando esses forem seguidos de “how”.
Exemplos:
Do you know how to x this car?
I’ve discovered how to solve this problem.
• Após termos com a função de objeto.
Exemplos:
Dr. Miller wants you to take these pills.
Are you asking your sister to lie to your parents?
• Indicando finalidade (neste caso, pode aparecer a expressão “only”).
Exemplos:
They’ll go to São Paulo to buy some tools.
The teacher entered the room only to talk to the student.
• Após numerais ordinais (the rst, the second,…); expressões the last, the only; alguns superlatives como the best, the worst; e os advérbios what, when, where, why, which.
Exemplos:
Don’t let me be the last to know about your entrance to EFOMM.
You didn’t know what to offer to our guests, did you?
• Após adjetivos ou substantivos precedidos (ou não) de adjetivos.
Exemplos:
I’m pleased to meet you.
It was a terrible night to be out in.
• Como sujeito, objeto ou predicativo.
USO DO INFINITIVO SEM O “TO”
• Após as formas auxiliares will, shall, would, do / does / did, can / could, may / might, must, should, ought to, have to, (be) going to, would rather e had better.
Exemplos:
They could play any musical instrument.
You seem very tired, you had better take a nap.
• Após os verbos “make” e “let”.
Exemplos:
Ana makes me feel very happy.
Let me tell you about my new job.
• Após as expressões but e except.
Exemplos:
Since you’ve let her, she’s done nothing but cry.
She will do anything except forgive your treason.
GERÚNDIO
Forma: forma verbal terminada em –ing.
Reading / playing / quitting
Negativa: not reading / not playing / not quitting.
• Como sujeito ou complemento de frases.
• Como objeto da preposição.
Exemplos:
I often relax by playing the guitar.
Good musicians improve by practicing every day.
• Em frases compactas que expressam proibições.
Exemplos:
No smoking / No trespassing
• Após as expressões:
Exemplos:
She told me that she’s looking forward to seeing you again.
It’s useless telephoning him at this time of the day.
• Após os verbos:
Exemplos:
I began studying electronics several years ago.
I began to study electronics several years ago.
Observação
Utilizamos o in nitivo quando temos a construção: would / ’d with hate, like, love, prefer, dislike.
Exemplo:
I would like to go to Maracanã.
• Uso do gerúndio ou infinitivo depois dos seguintes verbos: advise, allow, forbid, encourage, teach, permit.
Exemplo:
verbo + gerúndio
I advised taking your camera.
verbo + (pronome) substantivo + infinitivo
They advised me to take my camera.
• Uso do gerúndio ou in nitivo depois de verbos de percepção como:
feel, hear, see, smell, watch e phrasal verbs: listen to e look at.
Exemplos:
I saw him pick up the papers and put them in his bag. (complete action)
I saw him walking along the road. = I saw him when he was waking… (incomplete action)
He felt the bullet penetrate his shoulder.
I can hear somebody moving in the other room.
You could have heard a pin drop.
