São palavras ou frases que ligam duas ideias entre si, ou seja, duas orações.
• ADDITION (ADIÇÃO)
moreover, furthermore, besides (além disso, além do que)
in addition (em adição)
as well as (assim como)
not only … but also (não somente … mas)
Exemplos:
She likes English besides German.
The U.S.A is not only big but also rich.
• RESULT/CONSEQUENCE (RESULTADO, CONSEQUÊNCIA)
thus, therefore, hence, consequently (portanto, consequentemente)
as a result (como resultado)
so, then (portanto, então)
for this reason (por essa razão)
so that (de modo que)
Exemplos:
She studied a lot for the test, consequently she got a good grade.
Men’s bodies are bigger than women’s, as a result they are heavier.
• CAUSE (CAUSA)
because, for, as (por causa)
since (uma vez que)
due to (devido a)
Exemplos:
Because/Since he was a dynamic speaker, crowds always gathered to hear him.
As you know John better than I do, could you ask him for me?
• CONTRAST/CONCESSION (CONTRASTE, CONCESSÃO)
although, though (embora)
but, yet, however, nevertheless, nonetheless (mas, porém, entretanto, todavia)
in spite of, despite (apesar de, não obstante)
whereas, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise (enquanto que, ao passo que, por outro lado)
Exemplo:
Leo is antisocial, but he has a lot of friends.
She was able to sleep in spite of the noise.
While computers are complex, a brain is a million times more intricate.
John loves classics whereas her wife likes samba.
• CONDITION (CONDIÇÃO)
if, provided that (contanto que, desde que)
as long as (enquanto que, visto que), whether or not (se sim ou não)
unless (a menos que)
if not (se não)
Exemplo:
You can stay here as long as you don’t make a noise.
She goes to the party if we invite her.
• WHETHER (DÚVIDA): se
Exemplo:
Sara does not know whether she will pick up Math or Chemistry.
