ADVÉRBIOS – ADVERBS
Como em português, os advérbios modificam o sentido de um verbo, de um adjetivo, ou de um outro advérbio.
Exemplos:
She carried the heavy box carefully. (mudando verbo)
The policeman got prudently suspicious. (mudando o adjetivo)
You really dance very well. (mudando o advérbio)
• Formação dos advérbios
Formamos a maioria dos advérbios (principalmente de modo e de intensidade) acrescentando-se ly ao adjetivo.
Exemplos:
slow → slowly
general → generally
clear → clearly
extreme → extremely
heavy → heavily (o y final torna-se i)
easy → easily
comfortable → comfortably (a terminação able e ible perdem o e final)
marketable → marketably
simple → simply
Note: good → well
• Adjetivos e advérbios que apresentam a mesma forma:
Exemplos:
fast → fast – That was a fast train. That train goes fast.
hard→ hard – It’s a hard homework. He has worked hard.
high → high (alto) That is a high mountain. Some birds y high.
low → low (baixo) She spoke in a low voice. Can you speak low?
late → late (atrasado/tarde, tardio) Don’t come at a late hour.
Don’t come late.
early → early (adiantado, cedo) Mary is early today. They got up very early.
enough → enough (su ciente, su cientemente) Do you have enough money to lend me? You are smart enough to do it.
• Advérbios com duas formas e significados diferentes.
Exemplos:
near → perto – He came near.
nearly → (almost) quase – He nearly died.
high → alto – It is ying high.
highly → muito – She was highly admired.
hard → árduo – He works hard.
hardly → (barely, scarcely), quase nunca – He hardly works.
wide → totalmente – Our eyes were wide open.
widely → bastante – They differed widely.
late → tarde – He arrived late.
lately → ultimamente – I haven’t seen him lately
• Tipos de advérbios:
Manner – (modo) fast, carefully, easily etc.
Place – (lugar) here, there, everywhere etc.
Time – (tempo) yesterday, now, today etc.
Frequency – (frequência) always, never, usually etc.
Degree – (intensidade) very, too, quite etc.
POSIÇÃO DOS ADVÉRBIOS
• Adverbs of manner (advérbio de modo) – são colocados geralmente no fim da oração.
Inversão negativa:
Para dar ênfase, alguns advérbios com ideias negativas podem ser usados no início da oração. Nesses casos, faz-se necessário inverter o sujeito e o verbo como se fosse uma interrogativa.
Exemplos:
He hardly composes music, but he plays brilliantly.
Hardly does he compose music, but he also plays brilliantly.
Outros advérbios que podem iniciar orações causando inversão:
never, rarely, seldom, scarcely, little; e as expressões not only …
but also, no sooner …than.
